A Poison Tree Poem - Meaning by stanza

Stanza 1

• The persona is angry at his friend and talks it out. His anger dissipated and they continue the friendship. 
• However, when he is angry with his enemy, he keeps quiet. Then, his anger grows even more within him.

Stanza 2

• He lets his anger grows day and night. He acts in deceitful ways toward his enemy.

Stanza 3

• The poison tree of anger eventually bears fruit which is an 'apple bright'.
• The enemy knows it belongs to the persona.
• The apple is very attractive to the enemy.

Stanza 4

• The apple is attractive and lures the enemy who sneaks into the persona's garden at night.
• At night, the 'pole star' is hidden and cannot protect the enemy from the danger of the 'apple bright'.
• The 'pole star' is the North Star or Polaris, a bright star permanently in the sky still used by navigators to avoid dangers while travelling. 
• The enemy eats the apple and is poisoned.
• The persona is satisfied.

Exercises - What has happened to Lulu?

Stanza 1

1. Who do you think Lulu is?


2. Give 2 pieces of evidence which indicate that Lulu has disappeared.


3. What does the shortened name of Lulu in line 2 suggest?



Stanza 2

1. How old do you think Lulu is? Give reasons.


2. Is her age important? Why?


3. What do lines 3 and 4 show about Lulu and what she has done?


4. What literary device is used in the first 2 lines?



Stanza 3

1. Why are there only two characters present in this poem?


2. What does the use of the term 'mother' instead of 'mummy' suggest?


3. Based on your thoughts, why is the mother crying? Provide 2 reasons.

What Has Happened to Lulu? Meaning - Form 5 literature (Poem)

by Charles Causley

What is the Poem about?

• It is a story of a mother grieving because her elder daughter, Lulu has run away.
• The child narrator questions her mother about the incident in a series of rhetorical questions.
• The mother is distraught and ends up tells her child a series of lies.

The Poem

What has happened to Lulu, mother? 
What has happened to Lu? 
There's nothing in her bed but an old rag-doll 
And by its side a shoe. 

Why is her window wide, mother, 
The curtain flapping free, 
And only a circle on the dusty shelf 
Where her money-box used to be? 

Why do you turn your head, mother, 
And why do tear drops fall? 
And why do you crumple that note on the fire 
And say it is nothing at all? 

I woke to voices late last night, 
I heard an engine roar. 
Why do you tell me the things I heard 
Were a dream and nothing more? 

I heard somebody cry, mother, 
In anger or in pain, 
But now I ask you why, mother, 
You say it was a gust of rain. 

Why do you wander about as though 
You don't know what to do? 
What has happened to Lulu, mother? 
What has happened to Lu?

Meaning of Lines

Stanza 1

• The persona is questioning her mother about the mysterious and sudden disappearance of Lulu. An old rag doll and a shoe was left behind.

Stanza 2

• The persona saw that the windows are wide opened and the curtains are "flapping free" in the wind. The persona also notice her money-box on the dusty shelf is gone.

Stanza 3

• The persona asks the mother why she is hiding her tears. The mother crumples up a note (most probably from Lulu) and throws it into the fire. Mother then tells her child that it is nothing at all. The persona does not believe her.

Stanza 4

• The persona tells that she was awakened by "voices late last night" and heard the sounds of an "engine roar", probably a car starting up and being driven away. The mother lies that the child was only dreaming.

Stanza 5

• The persona insists that she had heard someone cry "in anger or in pain". The mother says it was just "a gust of rain".

Stanza 6

• Puzzled about the mother's distraught behavior, the narrator wants to know why the mother is pacing about, uncertain what to do. The use of "Lu" is an affectionate shortened form of "Lulu".